Football Referee Description

                     Football Referee

 
Power Referee

Each match is controlled by a referee who has full power to enforce the Laws of the Game in connection with the match that he was assigned.

referee

Powers and Duties
Referee:
 
• enforce the Laws of the Game

• controls the match in cooperation with the Referee Helpers and where relevant to Fourth Officer.

• ensures that any ball used meets the requirements of Law 2.

• ensure that the players' equipment meets the requirements of Law 4.

• acts as timekeeper and keeps a record of the match.

• has the discretion to stop, suspend or terminate a match for any violation of the law.

• stops, suspends or terminates the match because of outside interference of any kind.

• stops the match if, in his opinion, a player is seriously injured and ensures that he is removed from the field of play.

• continue the game until the ball is out of play, if in his opinion a player that only minor injuries.

• ensures that any player bleeding removed from the playing field. The player may only return on receiving a signal from the referee, who must be satisfied that the bleeding has stopped.

• continue the game when the team against which an offense has been committed will acquire advantage of the situation and penalizes the original offense if the anticipated advantage not available at the time.

• punish offenses more serious when a player commits more than one offense at the same time.

• take disciplinary action against players cautioned offense and order out. He did not have to take this action immediately but must do so when the ball is out of play.

• take action against team officials who behave irresponsibly and at its discretion, remove them from the playing field and the surrounding area.

• acting on the advice Helpers referee did not see the incident.

• Do not allow anyone who does not enter the field of play.

• restarts the match after it has been stopped.

• submit to the appropriate authorities with a match report which includes information on any disciplinary action taken against players, and / or team officials and any other incidents that occurred before, during or after the game.


Referee decisions

Decisions made ​​by the referee regarding facts connected with play are final.

The referee may only change a decision on realizing that it is incorrect or, at his discretion, on the advice Helpers Referee condition has not restarted play or terminated the match.

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Board decisions P.B. International

Results 1
A referee (or where applicable, an assistant referee or fourth official) is not held liable for:
any injury suffered by a player, official or spectator
any damage to property
any loss suffered by any individual, club, company, association or other body, as, or perhaps because of decisions made ​​in connection with the Laws of the Game or in accordance with the normal procedures required to be performed, played or to control a match.

These results include:
• decisions about the state of the playing field, the surrounding area or weather conditions which may or may not allow a game to be carried out.

• a decision to abandon a match for whatever reason.

• decisions relating to the equipment or devices used during a match including the goalposts, crossbar, corner posts and the ball.

• a decision to stop or not to stop a match due to spectator interference or any problem in the spectator area.

• a decision to stop or not to stop play to
allow an injured player removed from the field of play for treatment.

• the decision to request or insist that an injured player removed from the field of play for treatment.

• the decision to allow or not allow a player to wear certain apparel or equipment

• results (as long as it is his responsibility) to allow or not to allow any persons (including team or stadium officials, security officers, photographers or other media representatives) are present in the vicinity of the playing field.

• any other decisions be made ​​in accordance with the Laws of the Game or in the exercise of its duty to comply with the terms of FIFA, confederation, the National Association or league rules or regulations under which the match is played.

2 Results
In tournaments or competitions where a fourth official is appointed, his role and duties must comply with the guidelines approved by the International Football Association Board, contained in this publication.

Law of Football Games

FIFA Laws of the Game 2014-2015

 

Field surface

Matches may be played on natural or artificial surfaces, according to the rules of the competition

The colour of artificial surfaces must be green.

Where artificial surfaces are used in either competition matches between representative teams of member associations affiliated to FIFA or international club competition matches, the surface must meet the requirements of the FIFA Quality Concept for Football Turf or the International Artificial Turf Standard, unless special dispensation is given by FIFA.

 

Field markings

The field of play must be rectangular and marked with lines. These lines belong to the areas of which they are boundaries.

The two longer boundary lines are called touch lines. The two shorter lines are called goal lines.

The field of play is divided into two halves by a halfway line, which joins the midpoints of the two touch lines.

The centre mark is indicated at the midpoint of the halfway line. A circle with a radius of 9.15 m (10 yds) is marked around it.

Marks may be made off the field of play, 9.15 m (10 yds) from the corner arc and at right angles to the goal lines and the touch lines, to ensure that defending players retreat this distance when a corner kick is being taken.

 

Dimensions

The length of the touch line must be greater than the length of the goal line.
Length (touch line):

• minimum 90 m (100 yds)
• maximum 120 m (130 yds)

Width (goal line):

• minimum 45 m (50 yds)
• maximum 90 m (100 yds)

All lines must be of the same width, which must be not more than 12 cm (5 ins).

 

International matches

Length:

• minimum 100 m (110 yds)
• maximum 110 m (120 yds)

Width:

• minimum 64 m (70 yds)
• maximum 75 m (80 yds)

 

The goal area

Two lines are drawn at right angles to the goal line, 5.5 m (6 yds) from the inside of each goalpost. These lines extend into the field of play for a distance of 5.5 m (6 yds) and are joined by a line drawn parallel with the goal line. The area bounded by these lines and the goal line is the goal area.

Two lines are drawn at right angles to the goal line, 16.5 m (18 yds) from the inside of each goalpost. These lines extend into the field of play for a distance of 16.5 m (18 yds) and are joined by a line drawn parallel with the goal line. The area bounded by these lines and the goal line is the penalty area.

Within each penalty area, a penalty mark is made 11 m (12 yds) from the midpoint between the goalposts and equidistant to them.

An arc of a circle with a radius of 9.15 m (10 yds) from the centre of each penalty mark is drawn outside the penalty area.

 

Flagposts

A flagpost, not less than 1.5 m (5 ft) high, with a non-pointed top and a flag must be placed at each corner.
Flagposts may also be placed at each end of the halfway line, not less than 1 m (1 yd) outside the touch line.

 

The corner arc

A quarter circle with a radius of 1 m (1 yd) from each corner flagpost is drawn inside the field of play.

 

 

Goals

A goal must be placed on the centre of each goal line.

A goal consists of two upright posts equidistant from the corner flagposts and joined at the top by a horizontal crossbar. The goalposts and crossbar must be made of wood, metal or other approved material. They must be square, rectangular, round or elliptical in shape and must not be dangerous to players.

The distance between the posts is 7.32 m (8 yds) and the distance from the lower edge of the crossbar to the ground is 2.44 m (8 ft).

goals

The position of the goalposts in relation to the goal line must be according to the graphics below.

square_goalposts

If the shape of the goalposts is square (viewed from above), the sides must be parallel or perpendicular to the goal line. The sides of the crossbar must be parallel or perpendicular to the field plane.

elipitical_goalposts

If the shape of the goalposts is elliptical (viewed from above), the longest axis must be perpendicular to the goal line. The longest axis of the crossbar must be parallel to the field plane.

rectangular_goalposts

If the shape of the goalposts is rectangular (viewed from above), the longest side must be perpendicular to the goal line. The longest side of the crossbar must be parallel to the field plane. 

circle_goalposts

Both goalposts and the crossbar have the same width and depth, which do not exceed 12 cm (5 ins). The goal lines must be of the same width as the goalposts and the crossbar. 

Nets may be attached to the goals and the ground behind the goal, provided that they are properly supported and do not interfere with the goalkeeper.

The goalposts and crossbars must be white

Safety

Goals must be anchored securely to the ground. Portable goals may only be used if they satisfy this requirement.

Corner flagpost

corner_flagpost

 Metric measurements

metric_measurements

Imperial measurements

imperial_measurements

  
The field of play

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Decisions of the International F.A. Board

Decision 1
 

Where a technical area exists, it must meet the requirements approved by the International F.A. Board, which are contained in the section of this publication entitled The Technical Area.

  

Decision 2

Where goal-line technology (GLT) is used, modifications to the goal frame maybe allowed. They must be in accordance with the specifications stipulated in the FIFA Quality Programme for GLT and according to the above description, “Goals”.

Football Rules

The Rules of Football

The Rules of Football

The rules of football are officially referred to as the "Laws of the Game".

There are 17 laws in total, each one briefly summarised.

Field of Play.  The game can be played on either natural or artificial surfaces, the surface must be green and rectangular in shape.  The two long sides of the rectangle are called touch lines and the two shorter sides are called goal lines.  The field is divided in half by the halfway line.

Ball.  Must be spherical, made of leather (or similar) 68-70 cm in circumference and of a certain pressure. 

Number of Players.  Two teams of no more than 11 players (one of which is the goalkeeper).  A game cannot start if either team has less than 7 players.

Equipment.  Players must wear a jersey, shorts, stockings, shinguards and footwear.

Referee.  The referee ensures the Laws of the Game are respected and upheld.

Assistant Referees.  There may be at most 2 assistant referees.

Duration of the Match.  The game is played in 2 halves consisting of 45 minutes each.  The half time interval must not exceed more than 15 minutes.  At the discretion of the referee more time is allowed to compensate for any stoppage during play e.g.  Due to substitutions or care and attention of injured players.

Start and Restart of Play.  A kick-off starts play at the start of the match or after a goal.  A kick-off involves one player kicking the ball, from stationary, forward from the centre spot.  All players must be in their own half prior to kick-off.  A coin is tossed pre-game,  the team which loses the toss are awarded the kick-off to start the game whilst the team that win the toss are allowed to choose which direction they want to play.  After half time the teams switch direction and the other team will kick-off.  After a goal is scored, the team which conceded the goal will kick-off to restart play.

Ball in and Out of Play.  The ball is out of play once a goal has been scored or when the referee has stopped the game.  The ball is in play at all other times.

Method of Scoring.  The ball crosses the goal line inside the goal mouth.

Offside.  It is an offence for a player to be in contact with the ball when they are closer to the opponents' goal than both the ball and the second-last opponent.   The offside rule exists to ensure there are always opponents (generally the goal keeper and a defender)  between a player receiving the ball and the goal.  Without the offside rule, play can become boring with repeated long balls being kicked to a player stood next to the goalkeeper for an easy goal.

Fouls/Misconduct.  These are many and varied, broadly speaking it is an offence to use excessive force whilst playing the game either deliberately or undeliberately or to handle the ball (unless you are a goal keeper).  The referee may show the yellow card to caution players for less serious offences and the red card for more serious offences resulting in the player being sent off.  Two yellow cards are equivalent to one red card.

Free Kicks.  Are given by the referee for fouls and misconduct. A free kick can either be direct or indirect.  A goal can be scored directly from a direct free kick.  A goal can only be scored from an indirect free kick if it touches at least one other player first.  The free kick must be taken from a stationary position with that position varying depending on whether the free kick was given inside or outside the goal area and whether it's direct or indirect.  The opposing team must be a minimum of 9.15 m from the ball when the free kick is taken.

Penalty Kicks.  Are given against a team when they commit an offence which would normally be awarded a direct free kick inside their goal area.  The ball is kicked from stationary from the penalty spot.  The opposing team must be outside of the penalty area and at least 9.15 m from the ball.

Throw-in.  Used to restart play after the whole of the ball has crossed the touch line.

Goal kick.  Used to restart play after a goal has been scored.

Corner Kick. Is given when the whole of the ball crosses the goal line and was last touched by a member of the defending team (and no goal was scored).  A corner kick is taken from inside the corner arc closest to the point where the ball crosses the goal line.  The defending team must be at least 9.15 m from the ball when the corner kick is taken.

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History Of Football

Football History

 

ball

The contemporary history of the world's favourite game spans more than 100 years. It all began in 1863 in England, when rugby football and association football branched off on their different courses and the Football Association in England was formed - becoming the sport's first governing body.

Both codes stemmed from a common root and both have a long and intricately branched ancestral tree. A search down the centuries reveals at least half a dozen different games, varying to different degrees, and to which the historical development of football has been traced back.

Whether this can be justified in some instances is disputable. Nevertheless, the fact remains that people have enjoyed kicking a ball about for thousands of years and there is absolutely no reason to consider it an aberration of the more 'natural' form of playing a ball with the hands.

On the contrary, apart from the need to employ the legs and feet in tough tussles for the ball, often without any laws for protection, it was recognised right at the outset that the art of controlling the ball with the feet was not easy and, as such, required no small measure of skill.

The very earliest form of the game for which there is scientific evidence was an exercise from a military manual dating back to the second and third centuries BC in China.

This Han Dynasty forebear of football was called Tsu' Chu and it consisted of kicking a leather ball filled with feathers and hair through an opening, measuring only 30-40cm in width, into a small net fixed onto long bamboo canes.

According to one variation of this exercise, the player was not permitted to aim at his target unimpeded, but had to use his feet, chest, back and shoulders while trying to withstand the attacks of his opponents. Use of the hands was not permitted.

Another form of the game, also originating from the Far East, was the Japanese Kemari, which began some 500-600 years later and is still played today.

This is a sport lacking the competitive element of Tsu' Chu with no struggle for possession involved. Standing in a circle, the players had to pass the ball to each other, in a relatively small space, trying not to let it touch the ground.

The Greek 'Episkyros' - of which few concrete details survive - was much livelier, as was the Roman 'Harpastum'. The latter was played out with a smaller ball by two teams on a rectangular field marked by boundary lines and a centre line.

The objective was to get the ball over the opposition's boundary lines and as players passed it between themselves, trickery was the order of the day. The game remained popular for 700-800 years, but, although the Romans took it to Britain with them, the use of feet was so small as to scarcely be of consequence.